The essence of EPM in three lines:
- Avoid: be unpredictable in frequency, timing, waveform and space (agility, jitter, LPI, null steering) — what the jammer does not know or cannot reach, it cannot jam.
- Exploit: every jammer is a beacon; home-on-jam forces the dilemma "transmit and be found, or stay silent and be seen".
- Overpower: within the burn-through range, the 1/R²-versus-1/R⁴ contest turns in the radar's favour; power, dwell and processing gain push that boundary outwards.
Together with the built-in measures from the earlier chapters (jitter, compression, CFAR, monopulse, blanking, fusion), this forms the defensive layer of the EW cycle from The three parts of Electronic Warfare. What is still missing is the sensory layer that drives everything: knowing who is transmitting, where, and what it means. That is ESM — the last chapter.